/**
* Note: This file may contain artifacts of previous malicious infection.
* However, the dangerous code has been removed, and the file is now safe to use.
*/

/**
 * @file
 * Pathologic text filter for Drupal.
 *
 * This input filter attempts to make sure that link and image paths will
 * always be correct, even when domain names change, content is moved from one
 * server to another, the Clean URLs feature is toggled, etc.
 */

/**
 * Implements hook_filter_info().
 */
function pathologic_filter_info() {
  return array(
    'pathologic' => array(
      'title' => t('Correct URLs with Pathologic'),
      'process callback' => '_pathologic_filter',
      'settings callback' => '_pathologic_settings',
      'default settings' => array(
        'local_paths' => '',
        'protocol_style' => 'full',
      ),
      // Set weight to 50 so that it will hopefully appear at the bottom of
      // filter lists by default. 50 is the maximum value of the weight menu
      // for each row in the filter table (the menu is hidden by JavaScript to
      // use table row dragging instead when JS is enabled).
      'weight' => 50,
    )
  );
}

/**
 * Settings callback for Pathologic.
 */
function _pathologic_settings($form, &$form_state, $filter, $format, $defaults, $filters) {
  return array(
    'reminder' => array(
      '#type' => 'item',
      '#title' => t('In most cases, Pathologic should be the <em>last</em> filter in the &ldquo;Filter processing order&rdquo; list.'),
      '#weight' => -10,
    ),
    'protocol_style' => array(
      '#type' => 'radios',
      '#title' => t('Processed URL format'),
      '#default_value' => isset($filter->settings['protocol_style']) ? $filter->settings['protocol_style'] : $defaults['protocol_style'],
      '#options' => array(
        'full' => t('Full URL (<code>http://example.com/foo/bar</code>)'),
        'proto-rel' => t('Protocol relative URL (<code>//example.com/foo/bar</code>)'),
        'path' => t('Path relative to server root (<code>/foo/bar</code>)'),
      ),
      '#description' => t('The <em>Full URL</em> option is best for stopping broken images and links in syndicated content (such as in RSS feeds), but will likely lead to problems if your site is accessible by both HTTP and HTTPS. Paths output with the <em>Protocol relative URL</em> option will avoid such problems, but feed readers and other software not using up-to-date standards may be confused by the paths. The <em>Path relative to server root</em> option will avoid problems with sites accessible by both HTTP and HTTPS with no compatibility concerns, but will absolutely not fix broken images and links in syndicated content.'),
      '#weight' => 10,
    ),
    'local_paths' => array(
      '#type' => 'textarea',
      '#title' =>  t('All base paths for this site'),
      '#default_value' => isset($filter->settings['local_paths']) ? $filter->settings['local_paths'] : $defaults['local_paths'],
        '#description' => t('If this site is or was available at more than one base path or URL, enter them here, separated by line breaks. For example, if this site is live at <code>http://example.com/</code> but has a staging version at <code>http://dev.example.org/staging/</code>, you would enter both those URLs here. If confused, please read <a href="!docs">Pathologic&rsquo;s documentation</a> for more information about this option and what it affects.', array('!docs' => 'http://drupal.org/node/257026')),
      '#weight' => 20,
    ),
  );
}

/**
 * Pathologic filter callback.
 *
 * Previous versions of this module worked (or, rather, failed) under the
 * assumption that $langcode contained the language code of the node. Sadly,
 * this isn't the case.
 * @see http://drupal.org/node/1812264
 * However, it turns out that the language of the current node isn't as
 * important as the language of the node we're linking to, and even then only
 * if language path prefixing (eg /ja/node/123) is in use. REMEMBER THIS IN THE
 * FUTURE, ALBRIGHT.
 *
 * The below code uses the @ operator before parse_url() calls because in PHP
 * 5.3.2 and earlier, parse_url() causes a warning of parsing fails. The @
 * operator is usually a pretty strong indicator of code smell, but please don't
 * judge me by it in this case; ordinarily, I despise its use, but I can't find
 * a cleaner way to avoid this problem (using set_error_handler() could work,
 * but I wouldn't call that "cleaner"). Fortunately, Drupal 8 will require at
 * least PHP 5.3.5, so this mess doesn't have to spread into the D8 branch of
 * Pathologic.
 * @see https://drupal.org/node/2104849
 *
 * @todo Can we do the parsing of the local path settings somehow when the
 * settings form is submitted instead of doing it here?
 */
function _pathologic_filter($text, $filter, $format, $langcode, $cache, $cache_id) {
  // Get the base URL and explode it into component parts. We add these parts
  // to the exploded local paths settings later.
  global $base_url;
  $base_url_parts = @parse_url($base_url . '/');
  // Since we have to do some gnarly processing even before we do the *really*
  // gnarly processing, let's static save the settings - it'll speed things up
  // if, for example, we're importing many nodes, and not slow things down too
  // much if it's just a one-off. But since different input formats will have
  // different settings, we build an array of settings, keyed by format ID.
  $cached_settings = &drupal_static(__FUNCTION__, array());
  if (!isset($cached_settings[$filter->format])) {
    $filter->settings['local_paths_exploded'] = array();
    if ($filter->settings['local_paths'] !== '') {
      // Build an array of the exploded local paths for this format's settings.
      // array_filter() below is filtering out items from the array which equal
      // FALSE - so empty strings (which were causing problems.
      // @see http://drupal.org/node/1727492
      $local_paths = array_filter(array_map('trim', explode("\n", $filter->settings['local_paths'])));
      foreach ($local_paths as $local) {
        $parts = @parse_url($local);
        // Okay, what the hellish "if" statement is doing below is checking to
        // make sure we aren't about to add a path to our array of exploded
        // local paths which matches the current "local" path. We consider it
        // not a match, if…
        // @todo: This is pretty horrible. Can this be simplified?
        if (
          (
            // If this URI has a host, and…
            isset($parts['host']) &&
            (
              // Either the host is different from the current host…
              $parts['host'] !== $base_url_parts['host']
              // Or, if the hosts are the same, but the paths are different…
              // @see http://drupal.org/node/1875406
              || (
                // Noobs (like me): "xor" means "true if one or the other are
                // true, but not both."
                (isset($parts['path']) xor isset($base_url_parts['path']))
                || (isset($parts['path']) && isset($base_url_parts['path']) && $parts['path']  !== $base_url_parts['path'])
              )
            )
          ) ||
          // Or…
          (
            // The URI doesn't have a host…
            !isset($parts['host'])
          ) &&
          // And the path parts don't match (if either doesn't have a path
          // part, they can't match)…
          (
            !isset($parts['path']) ||
            !isset($base_url_parts['path']) ||
            $parts['path'] !== $base_url_parts['path']
          )
        ) {
          // Add it to the list.
          $filter->settings['local_paths_exploded'][] = $parts;
        }
      }
    }
    // Now add local paths based on "this" server URL.
    $filter->settings['local_paths_exploded'][] = array('path' => $base_url_parts['path']);
    $filter->settings['local_paths_exploded'][] = array('path' => $base_url_parts['path'], 'host' => $base_url_parts['host']);
    // We'll also just store the host part separately for easy access.
    $filter->settings['base_url_host'] = $base_url_parts['host'];

    $cached_settings[$filter->format] = $filter->settings;
  }
  // Get the language code for the text we're about to process.
  $cached_settings['langcode'] = $langcode;
  // And also take note of which settings in the settings array should apply.
  $cached_settings['current_settings'] = &$cached_settings[$filter->format];

  // Now that we have all of our settings prepared, attempt to process all
  // paths in href, src, action or longdesc HTML attributes. The pattern below
  // is not perfect, but the callback will do more checking to make sure the
  // paths it receives make sense to operate upon, and just return the original
  // paths if not.
  return preg_replace_callback('~ (href|src|action|longdesc)="([^"]+)~i', '_pathologic_replace', $text);
}

/**
 * Process and replace paths. preg_replace_callback() callback.
 */
function _pathologic_replace($matches) {
  // Get the base path.
  global $base_path;

  // Get the settings for the filter. Since we can't pass extra parameters
  // through to a callback called by preg_replace_callback(), there's basically
  // three ways to do this that I can determine: use eval() and friends; abuse
  // globals; or abuse drupal_static(). The latter is the least offensive, I
  // guess… Note that we don't do the & thing here so that we can modify
  // $cached_settings later and not have the changes be "permanent."
  $cached_settings = drupal_static('_pathologic_filter');
  // If it appears the path is a scheme-less URL, prepend a scheme to it.
  // parse_url() cannot properly parse scheme-less URLs. Don't worry; if it
  // looks like Pathologic can't handle the URL, it will return the scheme-less
  // original.
  // @see https://drupal.org/node/1617944
  // @see https://drupal.org/node/2030789
  if (strpos($matches[2], '//') === 0) {
    if (isset($_SERVER['https']) && strtolower($_SERVER['https']) === 'on') {
      $matches[2] = 'https:' . $matches[2];
    }
    else {
      $matches[2] = 'http:' . $matches[2];
    }
  }
  // Now parse the URL after reverting HTML character encoding.
  // @see http://drupal.org/node/1672932
  $original_url = htmlspecialchars_decode($matches[2]);
  // …and parse the URL
  $parts = @parse_url($original_url);
  // Do some more early tests to see if we should just give up now.
  if (
    // If parse_url() failed, give up.
    $parts === FALSE
    || (
      // If there's a scheme part and it doesn't look useful, bail out.
      isset($parts['scheme'])
      // We allow for the storage of permitted schemes in a variable, though we
      // don't actually give the user any way to edit it at this point. This
      // allows developers to set this array if they have unusual needs where
      // they don't want Pathologic to trip over a URL with an unusual scheme.
      // @see http://drupal.org/node/1834308
      // "files" and "internal" are for Path Filter compatibility.
      && !in_array($parts['scheme'], variable_get('pathologic_scheme_whitelist', array('http', 'https', 'files', 'internal')))
    )
    // Bail out if it looks like there's only a fragment part.
    || (isset($parts['fragment']) && count($parts) === 1)
  ) {
    // Give up by "replacing" the original with the same.
    return $matches[0];
  }

  if (isset($parts['path'])) {
    // Undo possible URL encoding in the path.
    // @see http://drupal.org/node/1672932
    $parts['path'] = rawurldecode($parts['path']);
  }
  else {
    $parts['path'] = '';
  }

  // Check to see if we're dealing with a file.
  // @todo Should we still try to do path correction on these files too?
  if (isset($parts['scheme']) && $parts['scheme'] === 'files') {
    // Path Filter "files:" support. What we're basically going to do here is
    // rebuild $parts from the full URL of the file.
    $new_parts = @parse_url(file_create_url(file_default_scheme() . '://' . $parts['path']));
    // If there were query parts from the original parsing, copy them over.
    if (!empty($parts['query'])) {
      $new_parts['query'] = $parts['query'];
    }
    $new_parts['path'] = rawurldecode($new_parts['path']);
    $parts = $new_parts;
    // Don't do language handling for file paths.
    $cached_settings['is_file'] = TRUE;
  }
  else {
    $cached_settings['is_file'] = FALSE;
  }

  // Let's also bail out of this doesn't look like a local path.
  $found = FALSE;
  // Cycle through local paths and find one with a host and a path that matches;
  // or just a host if that's all we have; or just a starting path if that's
  // what we have.
  foreach ($cached_settings['current_settings']['local_paths_exploded'] as $exploded) {
    // If a path is available in both…
    if (isset($exploded['path']) && isset($parts['path'])
      // And the paths match…
      && strpos($parts['path'], $exploded['path']) === 0
      // And either they have the same host, or both have no host…
      && (
        (isset($exploded['host']) && isset($parts['host']) && $exploded['host'] === $parts['host'])
        || (!isset($exploded['host']) && !isset($parts['host']))
      )
    ) {
      // Remove the shared path from the path. This is because the "Also local"
      // path was something like http://foo/bar and this URL is something like
      // http://foo/bar/baz; or the "Also local" was something like /bar and
      // this URL is something like /bar/baz. And we only care about the /baz
      // part.
      $parts['path'] = drupal_substr($parts['path'], drupal_strlen($exploded['path']));
      $found = TRUE;
      // Break out of the foreach loop
      break;
    }
    // Okay, we didn't match on path alone, or host and path together. Can we
    // match on just host? Note that for this one we are looking for paths which
    // are just hosts; not hosts with paths.
    elseif ((isset($parts['host']) && !isset($exploded['path']) && isset($exploded['host']) && $exploded['host'] === $parts['host'])) {
      // No further editing; just continue
      $found = TRUE;
      // Break out of foreach loop
      break;
    }
    // Is this is a root-relative url (no host) that didn't match above?
    // Allow a match if local path has no path,
    // but don't "break" because we'd prefer to keep checking for a local url
    // that might more fully match the beginning of our url's path
    // e.g.: if our url is /foo/bar we'll mark this as a match for
    // http://example.com but want to keep searching and would prefer a match
    // to http://example.com/foo if that's configured as a local path
    elseif (!isset($parts['host']) && (!isset($exploded['path']) || $exploded['path'] === $base_path)) {
      $found = TRUE;
    }
  }

  // If the path is not within the drupal root return original url, unchanged
  if (!$found) {
    return $matches[0];
  }

  // Okay, format the URL.
  // If there's still a slash lingering at the start of the path, chop it off.
  $parts['path'] = ltrim($parts['path'],'/');

  // Examine the query part of the URL. Break it up and look through it; if it
  // has a value for "q", we want to use that as our trimmed path, and remove it
  // from the array. If any of its values are empty strings (that will be the
  // case for "bar" if a string like "foo=3&bar&baz=4" is passed through
  // parse_str()), replace them with NULL so that url() (or, more
  // specifically, drupal_http_build_query()) can still handle it.
  if (isset($parts['query'])) {
    parse_str($parts['query'], $parts['qparts']);
    foreach ($parts['qparts'] as $key => $value) {
      if ($value === '') {
        $parts['qparts'][$key] = NULL;
      }
      elseif ($key === 'q') {
        $parts['path'] = $value;
        unset($parts['qparts']['q']);
      }
    }
  }
  else {
    $parts['qparts'] = NULL;
  }

  // If we don't have a path yet, bail out.
  if (!isset($parts['path'])) {
    return $matches[0];
  }

  // If we didn't previously identify this as a file, check to see if the file
  // exists now that we have the correct path relative to DRUPAL_ROOT
  if (!$cached_settings['is_file']) {
    $cached_settings['is_file'] = !empty($parts['path']) && is_file(DRUPAL_ROOT . '/'. $parts['path']);
  }

  // Okay, deal with language stuff.
  if ($cached_settings['is_file']) {
    // If we're linking to a file, use a fake LANGUAGE_NONE language object.
    // Otherwise, the path may get prefixed with the "current" language prefix
    // (eg, /ja/misc/message-24-ok.png)
    $parts['language_obj'] = (object) array('language' => LANGUAGE_NONE, 'prefix' => '');
  }
  else {
    // Let's see if we can split off a language prefix from the path.
    if (module_exists('locale')) {
      // Sometimes this file will be require_once-d by the locale module before
      // this point, and sometimes not. We require_once it ourselves to be sure.
      require_once DRUPAL_ROOT . '/includes/language.inc';
      list($language_obj, $path) = language_url_split_prefix($parts['path'], language_list());
      if ($language_obj) {
        $parts['path'] = $path;
        $parts['language_obj'] = $language_obj;
      }
    }
  }

  // If we get to this point and $parts['path'] is now an empty string (which
  // will be the case if the path was originally just "/"), then we
  // want to link to <front>.
  if ($parts['path'] === '') {
    $parts['path'] = '<front>';
  }
  // Build the parameters we will send to url()
  $url_params = array(
    'path' => $parts['path'],
    'options' => array(
      'query' => $parts['qparts'],
      'fragment' => isset($parts['fragment']) ? $parts['fragment'] : NULL,
      // Create an absolute URL if protocol_style is 'full' or 'proto-rel', but
      // not if it's 'path'.
      'absolute' => $cached_settings['current_settings']['protocol_style'] !== 'path',
      // If we seem to have found a language for the path, pass it along to
      // url(). Otherwise, ignore the 'language' parameter.
      'language' => isset($parts['language_obj']) ? $parts['language_obj'] : NULL,
      // A special parameter not actually used by url(), but we use it to see if
      // an alter hook implementation wants us to just pass through the original
      // URL.
      'use_original' => FALSE,
    ),
  );

  // Add the original URL to the parts array
  $parts['original'] = $original_url;

  // Now alter!
  // @see http://drupal.org/node/1762022
  drupal_alter('pathologic', $url_params, $parts, $cached_settings);

  // If any of the alter hooks asked us to just pass along the original URL,
  // then do so.
  if ($url_params['options']['use_original']) {
    return $matches[0];
  }

  // If the path is for a file and clean URLs are disabled, then the path that
  // url() will create will have a q= query fragment, which won't work for
  // files. To avoid that, we use this trick to temporarily turn clean URLs on.
  // This is horrible, but it seems to be the sanest way to do this.
  // @see http://drupal.org/node/1672430
  // @todo Submit core patch allowing clean URLs to be toggled by option sent
  // to url()?
  if (!empty($cached_settings['is_file'])) {
    $cached_settings['orig_clean_url'] = !empty($GLOBALS['conf']['clean_url']);
    if (!$cached_settings['orig_clean_url']) {
      $GLOBALS['conf']['clean_url'] = TRUE;
    }
  }

  // Now for the url() call. Drumroll, please…
  $url = url($url_params['path'], $url_params['options']);

  // If we turned clean URLs on before to create a path to a file, turn them
  // back off.
  if ($cached_settings['is_file'] && !$cached_settings['orig_clean_url']) {
    $GLOBALS['conf']['clean_url'] = FALSE;
  }

  // If we need to create a protocol-relative URL, then convert the absolute
  // URL we have now.
  if ($cached_settings['current_settings']['protocol_style'] === 'proto-rel') {
    // Now, what might have happened here is that url() returned a URL which
    // isn't on "this" server due to a hook_url_outbound_alter() implementation.
    // We don't want to convert the URL in that case. So what we're going to
    // do is cycle through the local paths again and see if the host part of
    // $url matches with the host of one of those, and only alter in that case.
    $url_parts = @parse_url($url);
    if (!empty($url_parts['host']) && $url_parts['host'] === $cached_settings['current_settings']['base_url_host']) {
      $url = _pathologic_url_to_protocol_relative($url);
    }
  }

  // Apply HTML character encoding, as is required for HTML attributes.
  // @see http://drupal.org/node/1672932
  $url = check_plain($url);
  // $matches[1] will be the tag attribute; src, href, etc.
  return " {$matches[1]}=\"{$url}";
}

/**
 * Convert a full URL with a protocol to a protocol-relative URL.
 *
 * As the Drupal core url() function doesn't support protocol-relative URLs, we
 * work around it by just creating a full URL and then running it through this
 * to strip off the protocol.
 *
 * Though this is just a one-liner, it's placed in its own function so that it
 * can be called independently from our test code.
 */
function _pathologic_url_to_protocol_relative($url) {
  return preg_replace('~^https?://~', '//', $url);
}
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						<h2 class="element-invisible">Se encuentra usted aquí</h2><div class="breadcrumb"><a href="/sicsal/articulos2/">Inicio</a></div>			      		      			        				<h1 class="title" id="page-title">
         			 		Cuba, en el Informe sobre Desarrollo Humano 2013        				</h1>
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      <span property="dc:title" content="Cuba, en el Informe sobre Desarrollo Humano 2013" class="rdf-meta element-hidden"></span>
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            Publicado por <span rel="sioc:has_creator"><span class="username" xml:lang="" about="/sicsal/articulos2/user/9" typeof="sioc:UserAccount" property="foaf:name" datatype="">editor2</span></span> el <span property="dc:date dc:created" content="2013-03-22T00:00:00+00:00" datatype="xsd:dateTime">Vie, 03/22/2013 - 00:00</span>    </div>
  
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    <div class="field field-name-field-autor field-type-text field-label-inline clearfix"><div class="field-label">Autor | Autores:&nbsp;</div><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even"> Humberto Herrera Carlés</div></div></div><div class="field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even" property="content:encoded"><div>
<p><font face="Arial">En el nuevo Informe sobre Desarrollo Humano que acaba de publicar el PNUD, Cuba se clasifica en el lugar 59 a nivel mundial entre 187 países<a href="mhtml:mid://00000037/#_ftn1" target="_self">[1]</a> en la categoría de Desarrollo Humano Alto (DHA), con un valor del Índice de Desarrollo Humano (IDH) 2012 de 0,780, alcanzando un incremento de 0,004 en relación al año precedente.</font></p>
<p><font face="Arial">En este informe se destaca el desarrollo humano alcanzado por más de 40 países en los últimos años y por ello se titula “El ascenso del Sur: Progreso humano en un mundo diverso”.</font></p>
<p><font face="Arial">Cuba con 0,690 en el 2000, el índice del 2012 representa una tasa de crecimiento del 13 % a razón de 1,02 % anual. Esto ha sido posible por los resultados obtenidos en materia de Salud y Educación propiciados por altos niveles de inversión en ambos sectores, quedando a deber en el Ingreso Nacional Bruto (INB) per cápita, en el que descendería 44 lugares si se midiera este solo indicador.</font></p>
<p><font face="Arial">En el 2011 Cuba ocupaba el lugar 51 en el informe del 2011, pero se han actualizados datos de otros países por parte del PNUD del año anterior<a href="mhtml:mid://00000037/#_ftn2" target="_self">[2]</a>, y estos ajustes, más los resultados alcanzados, explican que Cuba descienda (-8) lugares a pesar de crecer. Al mismo tiempo, otros ascendieron de forma importante como Bielorrusia, Rusia, Bahamas, Kuwait, Seychelles con 15, 11, 4 , 9 y 6 lugares respectivamente sobrepasando a nuestro país en el ranking general del 2012, cuando todos los mencionados se mantuvieron por debajo en el 2011.</font></p>
<p><font face="Arial">Es menester señalar que en el grupo de (DHA) los países que más crecieron en los últimos 12 años fueron Argelia, Kazajistán, Irán, Venezuela y Cuba. En el grupo de desarrollo humano muy alto fueron Hong Kong, Letonia, República de Corea, Singapur y Lituania los que registraron mayor crecimiento en el IDH.</font></p>
<p><font face="Arial">En América Latina y el Caribe solo hay tres países con desarrollo humano muy alto Barbados, Chile y Argentina que ocupan los lugares 38, 40 y 45 respectivamente. En el grupo de DHA están Bahamas, Uruguay, Cuba, México, Costa Rica, Granada, Antigua y Barbado, Trinidad y Tobago, Venezuela, Dominica, Perú, Brasil, Jamaica, Ecuador, Colombia en los lugares 49, 59, 61, 62, 63, 67, 68, 71, 72, 77, 85, 86, 89 y 91 respectivamente. Otros 10 países se ubican en el grupo de desarrollo medio y solo Haití es el único, del conjunto de países, con desarrollo humano bajo.</font></p>
<p><font face="Arial"><strong>IDH Cuba</strong></font></p>
<p><font face="Arial">El promedio de los países de América Latina y el Caribe en el presente informe son de 0,741 y del grupo de los países con DHA de 0,758. Cuba con su 0,780 está por encima de ambos promedios. Adicionalmente con el crecimiento anual del 1,02 % en el IDH entre 2000 y 2012, Cuba clasifica en el segundo lugar de la región.</font></p>
<p><font face="Arial">Con relación al 2011-2012 el comportamiento de los indicadores que conforman el IDH cubano son: Esperanza de vida al nacer (79,1 – 79,3 años); Años promedio de escolaridad (9,9 – 10,2 años); Años esperados de escolarización (17,5 – 16,2 años); INB per cápita (5.416 – 5.539 PPA en USD de 2005).</font></p>
<p><font face="Arial">Como se observa los años esperados de escolarización bajaron en 1,3 años, como resultado de las medidas tomadas en el sector de la educación de nuestro país al disminuir las carreras de ciencias sociales y aumentar las técnicas e igualmente las de técnicos medios. Sin embargo, este resultado en la educación es, comparativamente, no todo lo eficiente que debiera. Cuba ocupa el primer lugar el mundo en gastos de educación en relación a su Producto Interno Bruto (PIB) con el 12,9 %, siguiéndole Dinamarca con el 8,7 % e Islandia con el 7,8 %, entre los que más recursos porcentualmente, le dedican a este sector.</font></p>
<p><font face="Arial">Nuestro país a pesar de ser el que más invierte en el sector proporcionalmente, ocupa el lugar 22 en el mundo en el índice de la educación; el primer lugar mundial Nueva Zelandia, gasta apenas el 7,2 % de su PIB. Esto demuestra, cuando menos, insuficiencias en el aprovechamiento de los recursos invertidos.</font></p>
<p><font face="Arial">El INB per cápita es importante en la medida que refleja el nivel de vida de la población. Si solo se tomara en cuenta este indicador en el IDH, Cuba ocuparía el lugar 103 entre 187 países. Así el grupo de DHA al que pertenece Cuba (5.539 USD) tiene como cota promedio 11.501 USD. El grupo de países de desarrollo medio, el nivel inferior al nuestro, tiene un promedio de 5.428 USD y el conjunto de países de América Latina y el Caribe de 10.300 USD per cápita; solo superamos a Belice (5.327), Bolivia (4.444), Paraguay (4.497), Honduras (3.426), Guatemala (4.235), Nicaragua ( 2.551) y Haití (1.070) USD.</font></p>
<p><font face="Arial">Es importante decir que el PNUD alaba, ante la situación de subdesarrollo humano existente en el mundo, las políticas como las de Cuba, Georgia, Montenegro, Albania y Granada que con pocos recursos pueden obtener altos niveles de desarrollo humano, así menciona que: “Tanto para las sociedades como para las personas, la clave no radica en el proceso de maximización de la riqueza, sino en la elección que realicen para transformar los ingresos en desarrollo humano”<a href="mhtml:mid://00000037/#_ftn3" target="_self">[3]</a>.</font></p>
<p><font face="Arial">Hay dos aspectos adicionales a tratar que son relevantes, el primero es que los resultados del IDH no significan que son beneficiados todos los ciudadanos de los países en cuestión, así en la medida que exista una mayor o menor desigualdad, menor o mayores beneficios tendrán sus ciudadanos.</font></p>
<p><font face="Arial">El segundo, en el caso de Cuba, es la incidencia del bloqueo en el IDH, éste a precios constantes, ha ocasionado pérdidas por 245.377,4 millones de dólares en 52 años, lo que es fácil inferir que el 2012, si consideramos ingresos esta afectación, el INB per cápita se situaría en 9.734 USD y estaríamos en el lugar 47 y en el grupo de desarrollo humano muy alto.</font></p>
<p><font face="Arial">El reto para Cuba es enorme en la coyuntura presente, no obstante a los resultados sociales, debe alcanzarse mayores cuotas de productividad teniendo como referente Noruega: primer lugar mundial con altos resultados en todos los indicadores más un coeficiente de Gini de los más bajos del mundo, demostrándose que desarrollo económico y equidad son posibles, y que además, es lo que garantiza que una sociedad sea sustentable en el largo plazo, aspiración esencial del proyecto social existente en la Isla.</font></p>
<hr />
<p class="footer-note"><font face="Arial"><a href="mhtml:mid://00000037/#_ftnref1" target="_self"><font size="2">[1]</font></a><font size="2"> En el grupo de países de desarrollo humano muy alto hay 47 países, en el alto 47 países y en el medio y bajo hay 93 países. Por debajo de Cuba hay 128 países.</font><br />
		<a href="mhtml:mid://00000037/#_ftnref2" target="_self"><font size="2">[2]</font></a><font size="2"> “La Oficina encargada del Informe ha recibido con satisfacción el hecho de que Cuba se haya sumado a los esfuerzos mundiales para calcular los datos de ingresos nacionales de manera que se puedan comparar a nivel internacional, mediante su participación en el Programa de Comparación Internacional, a través del que se calcula el INB en términos de paridad del poder adquisitivo. Esto afianzará la base para el calculo del IDH de Cuba en los próximos años”.</font><br />
		<a href="mhtml:mid://00000037/#_ftnref3" target="_self"><font size="2">[3]</font></a><font size="2"> Pág. 27 del Informe sobre Desarrollo Humano 2013.</font></font></p>
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<p><font face="Arial">,<span> México DF</span> | 20/03/2013 </font></p>
</div></div></div><div class="field field-name-field-tags field-type-taxonomy-term-reference field-label-inline clearfix"><div class="field-label">Temáticas:&nbsp;</div><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even"><a href="/sicsal/articulos2/taxonomy/term/1" typeof="skos:Concept" property="rdfs:label skos:prefLabel" datatype="">GENERAL, Honduras</a></div></div></div>  </div>

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