/**
* Note: This file may contain artifacts of previous malicious infection.
* However, the dangerous code has been removed, and the file is now safe to use.
*/

/**
 * @file
 * Pathologic text filter for Drupal.
 *
 * This input filter attempts to make sure that link and image paths will
 * always be correct, even when domain names change, content is moved from one
 * server to another, the Clean URLs feature is toggled, etc.
 */

/**
 * Implements hook_filter_info().
 */
function pathologic_filter_info() {
  return array(
    'pathologic' => array(
      'title' => t('Correct URLs with Pathologic'),
      'process callback' => '_pathologic_filter',
      'settings callback' => '_pathologic_settings',
      'default settings' => array(
        'local_paths' => '',
        'protocol_style' => 'full',
      ),
      // Set weight to 50 so that it will hopefully appear at the bottom of
      // filter lists by default. 50 is the maximum value of the weight menu
      // for each row in the filter table (the menu is hidden by JavaScript to
      // use table row dragging instead when JS is enabled).
      'weight' => 50,
    )
  );
}

/**
 * Settings callback for Pathologic.
 */
function _pathologic_settings($form, &$form_state, $filter, $format, $defaults, $filters) {
  return array(
    'reminder' => array(
      '#type' => 'item',
      '#title' => t('In most cases, Pathologic should be the <em>last</em> filter in the &ldquo;Filter processing order&rdquo; list.'),
      '#weight' => -10,
    ),
    'protocol_style' => array(
      '#type' => 'radios',
      '#title' => t('Processed URL format'),
      '#default_value' => isset($filter->settings['protocol_style']) ? $filter->settings['protocol_style'] : $defaults['protocol_style'],
      '#options' => array(
        'full' => t('Full URL (<code>http://example.com/foo/bar</code>)'),
        'proto-rel' => t('Protocol relative URL (<code>//example.com/foo/bar</code>)'),
        'path' => t('Path relative to server root (<code>/foo/bar</code>)'),
      ),
      '#description' => t('The <em>Full URL</em> option is best for stopping broken images and links in syndicated content (such as in RSS feeds), but will likely lead to problems if your site is accessible by both HTTP and HTTPS. Paths output with the <em>Protocol relative URL</em> option will avoid such problems, but feed readers and other software not using up-to-date standards may be confused by the paths. The <em>Path relative to server root</em> option will avoid problems with sites accessible by both HTTP and HTTPS with no compatibility concerns, but will absolutely not fix broken images and links in syndicated content.'),
      '#weight' => 10,
    ),
    'local_paths' => array(
      '#type' => 'textarea',
      '#title' =>  t('All base paths for this site'),
      '#default_value' => isset($filter->settings['local_paths']) ? $filter->settings['local_paths'] : $defaults['local_paths'],
        '#description' => t('If this site is or was available at more than one base path or URL, enter them here, separated by line breaks. For example, if this site is live at <code>http://example.com/</code> but has a staging version at <code>http://dev.example.org/staging/</code>, you would enter both those URLs here. If confused, please read <a href="!docs">Pathologic&rsquo;s documentation</a> for more information about this option and what it affects.', array('!docs' => 'http://drupal.org/node/257026')),
      '#weight' => 20,
    ),
  );
}

/**
 * Pathologic filter callback.
 *
 * Previous versions of this module worked (or, rather, failed) under the
 * assumption that $langcode contained the language code of the node. Sadly,
 * this isn't the case.
 * @see http://drupal.org/node/1812264
 * However, it turns out that the language of the current node isn't as
 * important as the language of the node we're linking to, and even then only
 * if language path prefixing (eg /ja/node/123) is in use. REMEMBER THIS IN THE
 * FUTURE, ALBRIGHT.
 *
 * The below code uses the @ operator before parse_url() calls because in PHP
 * 5.3.2 and earlier, parse_url() causes a warning of parsing fails. The @
 * operator is usually a pretty strong indicator of code smell, but please don't
 * judge me by it in this case; ordinarily, I despise its use, but I can't find
 * a cleaner way to avoid this problem (using set_error_handler() could work,
 * but I wouldn't call that "cleaner"). Fortunately, Drupal 8 will require at
 * least PHP 5.3.5, so this mess doesn't have to spread into the D8 branch of
 * Pathologic.
 * @see https://drupal.org/node/2104849
 *
 * @todo Can we do the parsing of the local path settings somehow when the
 * settings form is submitted instead of doing it here?
 */
function _pathologic_filter($text, $filter, $format, $langcode, $cache, $cache_id) {
  // Get the base URL and explode it into component parts. We add these parts
  // to the exploded local paths settings later.
  global $base_url;
  $base_url_parts = @parse_url($base_url . '/');
  // Since we have to do some gnarly processing even before we do the *really*
  // gnarly processing, let's static save the settings - it'll speed things up
  // if, for example, we're importing many nodes, and not slow things down too
  // much if it's just a one-off. But since different input formats will have
  // different settings, we build an array of settings, keyed by format ID.
  $cached_settings = &drupal_static(__FUNCTION__, array());
  if (!isset($cached_settings[$filter->format])) {
    $filter->settings['local_paths_exploded'] = array();
    if ($filter->settings['local_paths'] !== '') {
      // Build an array of the exploded local paths for this format's settings.
      // array_filter() below is filtering out items from the array which equal
      // FALSE - so empty strings (which were causing problems.
      // @see http://drupal.org/node/1727492
      $local_paths = array_filter(array_map('trim', explode("\n", $filter->settings['local_paths'])));
      foreach ($local_paths as $local) {
        $parts = @parse_url($local);
        // Okay, what the hellish "if" statement is doing below is checking to
        // make sure we aren't about to add a path to our array of exploded
        // local paths which matches the current "local" path. We consider it
        // not a match, if…
        // @todo: This is pretty horrible. Can this be simplified?
        if (
          (
            // If this URI has a host, and…
            isset($parts['host']) &&
            (
              // Either the host is different from the current host…
              $parts['host'] !== $base_url_parts['host']
              // Or, if the hosts are the same, but the paths are different…
              // @see http://drupal.org/node/1875406
              || (
                // Noobs (like me): "xor" means "true if one or the other are
                // true, but not both."
                (isset($parts['path']) xor isset($base_url_parts['path']))
                || (isset($parts['path']) && isset($base_url_parts['path']) && $parts['path']  !== $base_url_parts['path'])
              )
            )
          ) ||
          // Or…
          (
            // The URI doesn't have a host…
            !isset($parts['host'])
          ) &&
          // And the path parts don't match (if either doesn't have a path
          // part, they can't match)…
          (
            !isset($parts['path']) ||
            !isset($base_url_parts['path']) ||
            $parts['path'] !== $base_url_parts['path']
          )
        ) {
          // Add it to the list.
          $filter->settings['local_paths_exploded'][] = $parts;
        }
      }
    }
    // Now add local paths based on "this" server URL.
    $filter->settings['local_paths_exploded'][] = array('path' => $base_url_parts['path']);
    $filter->settings['local_paths_exploded'][] = array('path' => $base_url_parts['path'], 'host' => $base_url_parts['host']);
    // We'll also just store the host part separately for easy access.
    $filter->settings['base_url_host'] = $base_url_parts['host'];

    $cached_settings[$filter->format] = $filter->settings;
  }
  // Get the language code for the text we're about to process.
  $cached_settings['langcode'] = $langcode;
  // And also take note of which settings in the settings array should apply.
  $cached_settings['current_settings'] = &$cached_settings[$filter->format];

  // Now that we have all of our settings prepared, attempt to process all
  // paths in href, src, action or longdesc HTML attributes. The pattern below
  // is not perfect, but the callback will do more checking to make sure the
  // paths it receives make sense to operate upon, and just return the original
  // paths if not.
  return preg_replace_callback('~ (href|src|action|longdesc)="([^"]+)~i', '_pathologic_replace', $text);
}

/**
 * Process and replace paths. preg_replace_callback() callback.
 */
function _pathologic_replace($matches) {
  // Get the base path.
  global $base_path;

  // Get the settings for the filter. Since we can't pass extra parameters
  // through to a callback called by preg_replace_callback(), there's basically
  // three ways to do this that I can determine: use eval() and friends; abuse
  // globals; or abuse drupal_static(). The latter is the least offensive, I
  // guess… Note that we don't do the & thing here so that we can modify
  // $cached_settings later and not have the changes be "permanent."
  $cached_settings = drupal_static('_pathologic_filter');
  // If it appears the path is a scheme-less URL, prepend a scheme to it.
  // parse_url() cannot properly parse scheme-less URLs. Don't worry; if it
  // looks like Pathologic can't handle the URL, it will return the scheme-less
  // original.
  // @see https://drupal.org/node/1617944
  // @see https://drupal.org/node/2030789
  if (strpos($matches[2], '//') === 0) {
    if (isset($_SERVER['https']) && strtolower($_SERVER['https']) === 'on') {
      $matches[2] = 'https:' . $matches[2];
    }
    else {
      $matches[2] = 'http:' . $matches[2];
    }
  }
  // Now parse the URL after reverting HTML character encoding.
  // @see http://drupal.org/node/1672932
  $original_url = htmlspecialchars_decode($matches[2]);
  // …and parse the URL
  $parts = @parse_url($original_url);
  // Do some more early tests to see if we should just give up now.
  if (
    // If parse_url() failed, give up.
    $parts === FALSE
    || (
      // If there's a scheme part and it doesn't look useful, bail out.
      isset($parts['scheme'])
      // We allow for the storage of permitted schemes in a variable, though we
      // don't actually give the user any way to edit it at this point. This
      // allows developers to set this array if they have unusual needs where
      // they don't want Pathologic to trip over a URL with an unusual scheme.
      // @see http://drupal.org/node/1834308
      // "files" and "internal" are for Path Filter compatibility.
      && !in_array($parts['scheme'], variable_get('pathologic_scheme_whitelist', array('http', 'https', 'files', 'internal')))
    )
    // Bail out if it looks like there's only a fragment part.
    || (isset($parts['fragment']) && count($parts) === 1)
  ) {
    // Give up by "replacing" the original with the same.
    return $matches[0];
  }

  if (isset($parts['path'])) {
    // Undo possible URL encoding in the path.
    // @see http://drupal.org/node/1672932
    $parts['path'] = rawurldecode($parts['path']);
  }
  else {
    $parts['path'] = '';
  }

  // Check to see if we're dealing with a file.
  // @todo Should we still try to do path correction on these files too?
  if (isset($parts['scheme']) && $parts['scheme'] === 'files') {
    // Path Filter "files:" support. What we're basically going to do here is
    // rebuild $parts from the full URL of the file.
    $new_parts = @parse_url(file_create_url(file_default_scheme() . '://' . $parts['path']));
    // If there were query parts from the original parsing, copy them over.
    if (!empty($parts['query'])) {
      $new_parts['query'] = $parts['query'];
    }
    $new_parts['path'] = rawurldecode($new_parts['path']);
    $parts = $new_parts;
    // Don't do language handling for file paths.
    $cached_settings['is_file'] = TRUE;
  }
  else {
    $cached_settings['is_file'] = FALSE;
  }

  // Let's also bail out of this doesn't look like a local path.
  $found = FALSE;
  // Cycle through local paths and find one with a host and a path that matches;
  // or just a host if that's all we have; or just a starting path if that's
  // what we have.
  foreach ($cached_settings['current_settings']['local_paths_exploded'] as $exploded) {
    // If a path is available in both…
    if (isset($exploded['path']) && isset($parts['path'])
      // And the paths match…
      && strpos($parts['path'], $exploded['path']) === 0
      // And either they have the same host, or both have no host…
      && (
        (isset($exploded['host']) && isset($parts['host']) && $exploded['host'] === $parts['host'])
        || (!isset($exploded['host']) && !isset($parts['host']))
      )
    ) {
      // Remove the shared path from the path. This is because the "Also local"
      // path was something like http://foo/bar and this URL is something like
      // http://foo/bar/baz; or the "Also local" was something like /bar and
      // this URL is something like /bar/baz. And we only care about the /baz
      // part.
      $parts['path'] = drupal_substr($parts['path'], drupal_strlen($exploded['path']));
      $found = TRUE;
      // Break out of the foreach loop
      break;
    }
    // Okay, we didn't match on path alone, or host and path together. Can we
    // match on just host? Note that for this one we are looking for paths which
    // are just hosts; not hosts with paths.
    elseif ((isset($parts['host']) && !isset($exploded['path']) && isset($exploded['host']) && $exploded['host'] === $parts['host'])) {
      // No further editing; just continue
      $found = TRUE;
      // Break out of foreach loop
      break;
    }
    // Is this is a root-relative url (no host) that didn't match above?
    // Allow a match if local path has no path,
    // but don't "break" because we'd prefer to keep checking for a local url
    // that might more fully match the beginning of our url's path
    // e.g.: if our url is /foo/bar we'll mark this as a match for
    // http://example.com but want to keep searching and would prefer a match
    // to http://example.com/foo if that's configured as a local path
    elseif (!isset($parts['host']) && (!isset($exploded['path']) || $exploded['path'] === $base_path)) {
      $found = TRUE;
    }
  }

  // If the path is not within the drupal root return original url, unchanged
  if (!$found) {
    return $matches[0];
  }

  // Okay, format the URL.
  // If there's still a slash lingering at the start of the path, chop it off.
  $parts['path'] = ltrim($parts['path'],'/');

  // Examine the query part of the URL. Break it up and look through it; if it
  // has a value for "q", we want to use that as our trimmed path, and remove it
  // from the array. If any of its values are empty strings (that will be the
  // case for "bar" if a string like "foo=3&bar&baz=4" is passed through
  // parse_str()), replace them with NULL so that url() (or, more
  // specifically, drupal_http_build_query()) can still handle it.
  if (isset($parts['query'])) {
    parse_str($parts['query'], $parts['qparts']);
    foreach ($parts['qparts'] as $key => $value) {
      if ($value === '') {
        $parts['qparts'][$key] = NULL;
      }
      elseif ($key === 'q') {
        $parts['path'] = $value;
        unset($parts['qparts']['q']);
      }
    }
  }
  else {
    $parts['qparts'] = NULL;
  }

  // If we don't have a path yet, bail out.
  if (!isset($parts['path'])) {
    return $matches[0];
  }

  // If we didn't previously identify this as a file, check to see if the file
  // exists now that we have the correct path relative to DRUPAL_ROOT
  if (!$cached_settings['is_file']) {
    $cached_settings['is_file'] = !empty($parts['path']) && is_file(DRUPAL_ROOT . '/'. $parts['path']);
  }

  // Okay, deal with language stuff.
  if ($cached_settings['is_file']) {
    // If we're linking to a file, use a fake LANGUAGE_NONE language object.
    // Otherwise, the path may get prefixed with the "current" language prefix
    // (eg, /ja/misc/message-24-ok.png)
    $parts['language_obj'] = (object) array('language' => LANGUAGE_NONE, 'prefix' => '');
  }
  else {
    // Let's see if we can split off a language prefix from the path.
    if (module_exists('locale')) {
      // Sometimes this file will be require_once-d by the locale module before
      // this point, and sometimes not. We require_once it ourselves to be sure.
      require_once DRUPAL_ROOT . '/includes/language.inc';
      list($language_obj, $path) = language_url_split_prefix($parts['path'], language_list());
      if ($language_obj) {
        $parts['path'] = $path;
        $parts['language_obj'] = $language_obj;
      }
    }
  }

  // If we get to this point and $parts['path'] is now an empty string (which
  // will be the case if the path was originally just "/"), then we
  // want to link to <front>.
  if ($parts['path'] === '') {
    $parts['path'] = '<front>';
  }
  // Build the parameters we will send to url()
  $url_params = array(
    'path' => $parts['path'],
    'options' => array(
      'query' => $parts['qparts'],
      'fragment' => isset($parts['fragment']) ? $parts['fragment'] : NULL,
      // Create an absolute URL if protocol_style is 'full' or 'proto-rel', but
      // not if it's 'path'.
      'absolute' => $cached_settings['current_settings']['protocol_style'] !== 'path',
      // If we seem to have found a language for the path, pass it along to
      // url(). Otherwise, ignore the 'language' parameter.
      'language' => isset($parts['language_obj']) ? $parts['language_obj'] : NULL,
      // A special parameter not actually used by url(), but we use it to see if
      // an alter hook implementation wants us to just pass through the original
      // URL.
      'use_original' => FALSE,
    ),
  );

  // Add the original URL to the parts array
  $parts['original'] = $original_url;

  // Now alter!
  // @see http://drupal.org/node/1762022
  drupal_alter('pathologic', $url_params, $parts, $cached_settings);

  // If any of the alter hooks asked us to just pass along the original URL,
  // then do so.
  if ($url_params['options']['use_original']) {
    return $matches[0];
  }

  // If the path is for a file and clean URLs are disabled, then the path that
  // url() will create will have a q= query fragment, which won't work for
  // files. To avoid that, we use this trick to temporarily turn clean URLs on.
  // This is horrible, but it seems to be the sanest way to do this.
  // @see http://drupal.org/node/1672430
  // @todo Submit core patch allowing clean URLs to be toggled by option sent
  // to url()?
  if (!empty($cached_settings['is_file'])) {
    $cached_settings['orig_clean_url'] = !empty($GLOBALS['conf']['clean_url']);
    if (!$cached_settings['orig_clean_url']) {
      $GLOBALS['conf']['clean_url'] = TRUE;
    }
  }

  // Now for the url() call. Drumroll, please…
  $url = url($url_params['path'], $url_params['options']);

  // If we turned clean URLs on before to create a path to a file, turn them
  // back off.
  if ($cached_settings['is_file'] && !$cached_settings['orig_clean_url']) {
    $GLOBALS['conf']['clean_url'] = FALSE;
  }

  // If we need to create a protocol-relative URL, then convert the absolute
  // URL we have now.
  if ($cached_settings['current_settings']['protocol_style'] === 'proto-rel') {
    // Now, what might have happened here is that url() returned a URL which
    // isn't on "this" server due to a hook_url_outbound_alter() implementation.
    // We don't want to convert the URL in that case. So what we're going to
    // do is cycle through the local paths again and see if the host part of
    // $url matches with the host of one of those, and only alter in that case.
    $url_parts = @parse_url($url);
    if (!empty($url_parts['host']) && $url_parts['host'] === $cached_settings['current_settings']['base_url_host']) {
      $url = _pathologic_url_to_protocol_relative($url);
    }
  }

  // Apply HTML character encoding, as is required for HTML attributes.
  // @see http://drupal.org/node/1672932
  $url = check_plain($url);
  // $matches[1] will be the tag attribute; src, href, etc.
  return " {$matches[1]}=\"{$url}";
}

/**
 * Convert a full URL with a protocol to a protocol-relative URL.
 *
 * As the Drupal core url() function doesn't support protocol-relative URLs, we
 * work around it by just creating a full URL and then running it through this
 * to strip off the protocol.
 *
 * Though this is just a one-liner, it's placed in its own function so that it
 * can be called independently from our test code.
 */
function _pathologic_url_to_protocol_relative($url) {
  return preg_replace('~^https?://~', '//', $url);
}
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						<h2 class="element-invisible">Se encuentra usted aquí</h2><div class="breadcrumb"><a href="/sicsal/articulos2/">Inicio</a></div>			      		      			        				<h1 class="title" id="page-title">
         			 		Objetivos Incumplidos del Milenio        				</h1>
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      <span property="dc:title" content="Objetivos Incumplidos del Milenio" class="rdf-meta element-hidden"></span>
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            Publicado por <span rel="sioc:has_creator"><span class="username" xml:lang="" about="/sicsal/articulos2/user/9" typeof="sioc:UserAccount" property="foaf:name" datatype="">editor2</span></span> el <span property="dc:date dc:created" content="2013-04-10T00:00:00+00:00" datatype="xsd:dateTime">Mié, 04/10/2013 - 00:00</span>    </div>
  
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    <div class="field field-name-field-autor field-type-text field-label-inline clearfix"><div class="field-label">Autor | Autores:&nbsp;</div><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even">Juan Torres López</div></div></div><div class="field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even" property="content:encoded"><p>Es una singular casualidad que sea en España donde se celebre la reunión internacional para debatir sobre la<br />
	lucha contra el hambre una vez que concluya el periodo para el que se fijaron los Objetivos del Milenio. Digo esto<br />
	porque España es uno de los peores ejemplos que pueden ponerse hoy día en cuanto a ayuda al desarrollo y, por<br />
	tanto, de lucha contra el hambre. A pesar del rimbombante discurso humanitario del que suelen hacer gala<br />
	nuestros ministros y de las creencias religiosas que la mayoría de ellos proclaman con fervor, lo cierto es que el<br />
	Gobierno español se desentiende por minutos de los compromisos de ayuda que habían contraído sus<br />
	antecesores y está dejando en la estacada y sin financiación a cientos de proyectos de desarrollo. Sin ir más lejos,<br />
	el dinero dedicado a ayuda al desarrollo ha descendido un 49% en los presupuestos de 2013. Así que,<br />
	desgraciadamente, no parece que nuestro país tenga mucho que decir en una reunión de este tipo. Más bien<br />
	tendrá que callar cuando se plantee renovar los esfuerzos e ir más allá de donde se ha llegado hasta ahora.</p>
<p>En cualquier caso, tampoco se puede decir que los demás países, y sobre todo de los más ricos, hayan sido<br />
	mucho más generosos. La realidad es que, cuando llegue 2015, los objetivos previstos, a pesar de su modestia,<br />
	no se habrán cumplido en la mayoría de los casos.</p>
<p>El Objetivo uno, erradicar la pobreza extrema y el hambre, no se alcanzará en África Subsahariana, América<br />
	Latina y el Caribe ni en parte de Europa y Asia Central. Es más, el número de personas con hambre en África<br />
	Subsahariana y Asia meridional ha aumentado y la FAO estima que al paso que vamos este objetivo no se<br />
	alcanzaría sino en 2150.</p>
<p>El Objetivo dos, que todos los niños y niñas puedan terminar un ciclo completo de enseñanza primaria en 2015,<br />
	tampoco se va a alcanzar en más de 80 países.</p>
<p>El tercer Objetivo del Milenio, eliminar en 2005 las desigualdades de género en la enseñanza primaria y<br />
	secundaria no se consiguió, y en más de 90 países la desigualdad persiste en todos los niveles educativos.</p>
<p>El Objetivo cuatro, reducir en dos terceras partes la tasa de mortalidad infantil de los niños menores de cinco años<br />
	para 2015 solo se cumpliría en 2045 de seguir la tendencia actual. Según UNICEF, 91 países están muy<br />
	rezagados y es muy difícil que lo cumplan.</p>
<p>Tampoco se cumplirá el Objetivo cinco, reducir la tasa de mortalidad materna en tres cuartas partes, pues cada<br />
	año siguen muriendo 500.000 mujeres durante el embarazo o el parto. Un riesgo que afecta a una de cada 3.800<br />
	mujeres en los países ricos, mientras que en África le afecta a una de cada 16. Según la Organización mundial de<br />
	la Salud entre 1990 y 2010 el número de muertes maternas por 100.000 nacidos vivos solo ha disminuido en un<br />
	3,1% al año, cifra que está lejos de la reducción del 5,5% anual necesaria para alcanzar el Objetivo.</p>
<p>El Objetivo seis, combatir el VIH/Sida, el paludismo y otras enfermedades y reducir su propagación para 2015,<br />
	tampoco se cumplirá muy posiblemente, puesto que las zonas más afectadas, como el África Subsahariana,<br />
	apenas si han recibido un 40% de los fondos prometidos contra el Sida, cuya prevalencia ha aumentado en casi<br />
	todas las regiones del mundo, y poco más del 10% de las personas con VIH recibe tratamiento.</p>
<p>El Objetivo 7, incorporar principios de desarrollo sostenible en las políticas nacionales y reducir a la mitad en 2015<br />
	el número de personas que no acceden al agua potable o saneamiento básico, quizá esté más lejos que nunca, al<br />
	menos si se tiene en cuenta el número de muertes, de guerras o de actos violentos de todo tipo que conlleva su<br />
	uso, que casi 2.200 millones de personas carecen de servicios mejorados de saneamiento y que más de 600 no<br />
	tienen acceso a fuentes de agua limpia.</p>
<p>El último objetivo, desarrollar un sistema comercial y financiero abierto y basado en normas no discriminatorias, es                             también evidente que no se ha cumplido. La ayuda oficial al desarrollo ha disminuido casi en un 25% en los últimos 15 años,                       sigue siendo tres veces menor a los reembolsos por deuda que los países pobres pagan a los ricos, y éstos (principalmente Estados Unidos, Unión Europea y Japón) siguen manteniendo grandes barreras arancelarias, al mismo tiempo que impiden que los pobres se defiendan de su agresión comercial.</p>
<p>                                 En suma, en el mundo siguen habiendo más de 1.000 millones de seres humanos en situación de extrema<br />
	                                 pobreza, prácticamente cada segundo muere una mujer en el mundo al quedar embarazada o dar a luz sin<br />
	                                 cuidados suficientes, unos 850 millones pasan hambre y cada día mueren, en las estimaciones más bajas, unas<br />
	                                 40.000 personas por falta de comida, agua o de atención sanitaria.<br />
	                                 En África la situación es mucho peor. En 1990 había 175 millones de personas desnutridas (un 27,3% de la<br />
	                                 población) y en 2012, 239 millones (un 22,9%). Casi una de cada cuatro personas pasa hambre durante largos<br />
	                                 períodos de tiempo y 2,3 millones de niños y niñas mueren cada año (4,3 cada minuto) como consecuencia directa<br />
	                                 de la desnutrición.<br />
	                                 Los organismos internacionales y los expertos de todo el mundo saben muy bien por qué sucede este drama y<br />
	                                 demuestran la falsedad del discurso oficial empeñado en convencernos de que su causa es la falta de recursos.<br />
	                                 Nada más falso: solo con la riqueza de las 100 personas más ricas del mundo (241.000 millones de dólares en<br />
	                                 2011) bastaría para acabar con la pobreza en cuatro años (Rajesh Makwana, Extreme Wealth vs Global Sharing).<br />
	                                 Y un estudio reciente ha propuesto diez medidas con las cuales se podrían obtener 2,8 billones de dólares para<br />
	                                 financiar la solución de los problemas que hacen sufrir innecesariamente a millones de personas y al propio<br />
	                                 planeta (Financing the global sharing economy. How to mobilise $2.8 trillion to prevent life-threatening deprivation,<br />
	                                 reverse austerity measures, and mitigate the human impacts of climate change o en su Resumen Ejecutivo).<br />
	                                 La desigualdad gigantesca, la concentración inmoral de los recursos, es la primera y más directa causa del<br />
	                                 hambre y la pobreza: ¿cómo no los va a haber en un planeta en donde el 1,75% más ricos posee la misma riqueza<br />
	                                 que el 77% más pobre, según las últimas estimaciones de Branko Milanovic (Inequality: The Haves and<br />
	                                 Have-nots)?<br />
	                                 Esa concentración se está manifestando especialmente hoy día en la adquisición de grandes extensiones de tierra<br />
	                                 para dedicarla a suministrar combustibles a los países ricos, destruyendo así la agricultura y la fuente alimentaria<br />
	                                 de millones de personas: se calcula que cada seis días se adquieren tierras en los países pobres con una<br />
	                                 superficie equivalente a la de Londres.<br />
	                                 Otra fuente de pobreza es la evasión fiscal y el fraude generalizado, sobre todo, de las grandes fortunas y<br />
	                                 empresas multinacionales que se ocultan en los paraísos fiscales y, que podría generar pérdidas, según diversos<br />
	                                 informes, de entre 150.000 y 300.000 millones de dólares anuales a los países más pobres.<br />
	                                 Por supuesto, también produce millones de seres hambrientos la especulación masiva sobre los precios de las<br />
	                                 materias primas alimentarias. Un reciente estudio de dos investigadores de la OCDE (“Quantification of the High<br />
	                                 Level Endogeneity and of Structural Regime Shifts in Commodity Markets”) muestra que estos precios varían en<br />
	                                 un 70% a causa de movimientos especulativos y solo en un 30% por efecto de su oferta y demanda real.<br />
	                                 Y nos empobrece a todos, y literalmente mata de hambre a millones de personas el mal uso que hacemos de los<br />
	                                 recursos, creyéndonos que son ilimitados, que el medio natural es nuestro esclavo y que podemos utilizarlo para<br />
	                                 destrozarlo a nuestro antojo.<br />
	                                 Cada muerte de un ser humano por falta de recursos, cuando los hay sobrados en muestro planeta, es un drama.<br />
	                                 Pero cuando eso le ocurre a millones de personas como consecuencia de un tipo de negocio obsesivo e<br />
	                                 insaciable, que solo enriquece a unos pocos con la complicidad de los Gobiernos y de organismos internacionales,<br />
	                                 deberíamos hablar de auténticos crímenes de lesa humanidad y perseguirlos como tales.<br />
	                                                                          <br />
	Ganas de escribir:  <a href="http://juantorreslopez.com">http://juantorreslopez.com</a></p>
</div></div></div><div class="field field-name-field-tags field-type-taxonomy-term-reference field-label-inline clearfix"><div class="field-label">Temáticas:&nbsp;</div><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even"><a href="/sicsal/articulos2/taxonomy/term/1" typeof="skos:Concept" property="rdfs:label skos:prefLabel" datatype="">GENERAL, Honduras</a></div></div></div>  </div>

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<p><a href="http://latinoamericana.org"><img alt="Agenda latinoamericana" src="http://latinoamericana.org/images/2019Portada.jpg" style="width: 100px; height: 122px;" /></a></p>
<p><a href="http://sicsal.net/articulos2/node/1006">Prensa electrónica</a></p>
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